Short Grammar Activities for ESL Classes

Short Grammar Activities for ESL Classes These easy to implement and quick to execute grammar exercises are perfect to use in the ESL classroom when youre short on time but need to get your lesson across.   Jumbled Sentences Purpose: Word Order / Review Choose a number of sentences from the last few chapters (pages) that you have been working on in class. Make sure to choose a nice mixture including adverbs of frequency, time signifiers, adjectives, and adverbs, as well as multiple clauses for more advanced classes. Type (or write on the board) jumbled versions of the sentences and ask the students to reassemble them. Variation:  If you are focusing on specific grammar points, have the students explain why certain words are placed in certain places in a sentence. Example: If you are working on adverbs of frequency, ask students why often is placed as it is in the following negative sentence: He doesnt often go to the cinema. Finishing the Sentence Purpose: Tense Review Ask students to take a piece of paper out for a dictation. Ask students to finish the sentences that you begin. Students should complete the sentence you begin in a logical manner. Its best if you use connecting words to show cause and effect, conditional sentences are also a good idea. Examples: I like watching television because...Despite the cold weather,...If I were you,...I wish he... Listening for Mistakes Purpose: Improving Students Listening Abilities/Review Make up a story on the spot (or read something you have at hand). Tell students that they will hear a few grammatical errors during the story. Ask them to raise their hand when they hear an error made and correct the errors. Intentionally introduce errors into the story, but read the story as if the errors were perfectly correct. Variation:  Have students write down the mistakes you make and check the mistakes as a class when finished. Question Tag Interviews Purpose: Focus on Auxiliary Verbs Ask students to pair up with another student they feel they know reasonably well. Ask each student to prepare a set of ten different questions using question tags about that person based on what they know about him/her. Make the exercise more challenging by asking that each question is in a different tense (or that five tenses are used, etc.). Ask students to respond with short answers only. Examples: Youre married, arent you? - Yes, I am.You came to school yesterday, didnt you? - Yes, I did.You havent been to Paris, have you? - No, I havent.

Simple Conjugations for the French Verb, Ouvrir, Meaning to Open

Simple Conjugations for the French Verb, 'Ouvrir,' Meaning 'to Open' The French verb  ouvrir  means to open. It is  an  irregular  -ir  verb. Conjugating irregular French verbs can difficult for most students, but there is some good news: There are distinct patterns in the conjugations of  irregular -ir verbs, which French grammarians have anointed  le troisià ¨me groupe  (the third group).  So while  there are roughly 50 irregular French  -ir  verbs,  these shared patterns mean that you will only have to learn about 16 conjugations. Conjugating Irregular -ir verbs There are three groups of irregular  -ir  verbs. The verb  ouvrir falls into the second group, which  consists of verbs that end in  -llir,  -frir, or -vrir. Almost all are conjugated like  regular French  -er  verbs. In addition to ouvrir, this group includes the following verbs, plus their derivatives: Couvrir  Ã‚  to cover  Cueillir  Ã‚  to pick  Ã‚  Dà ©couvrir   to discoverEntrouvrir  Ã‚  to half-openOffrir  Ã‚  to offer  Recueillir   to collectRecouvrir   to recover, concealRouvrir   to reopen  Souffrir  Ã‚  to suffer Conjugating Ouvrir With regular  -ir  verb conjugations, the stem remains intact; in irregular  -ir  verb conjugations, by contrast, the stem does not remain intact throughout. The conjugations below include the  passà © composà ©, meaning the  perfect tense, and the  passà © simple, the simple past. The  passà © composà ©Ã‚  is the most common French past tense, often used in conjunction with the  imperfect. The  passà © simple, which can also be translated into English as the preterite,  is also used alongside the  imperfect.  You will probably never need to use the  passà © simple, but it is important to recognize it, especially if you read many French  fiction or nonfiction works. Present Future Imperfect Present participle j ouvre ouvrirai ouvrais ouvrant tu ouvres ouvriras ouvrais il ouvre ouvrira ouvrait nous ouvrons ouvrirons ouvrions vous ouvrez ouvrirez ouvriez ils ouvrent ouvriront ouvraient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle ouvert Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive j ouvre ouvrirais ouvris ouvrisse tu ouvres ouvrirais ouvris ouvrisses il ouvre ouvrirait ouvrit ouvrt nous ouvrions ouvririons ouvrmes ouvrissions vous ouvriez ouvririez ouvrtes ouvrissiez ils ouvrent ouvriraient ouvrirent ouvrissent Imperative (tu) ouvre (nous) ouvrons (vous) ouvrez Verb conjugation pattern  Ouvrir is an irregular verb All French verbs that end in -frir or -vrir are conjugatedthis way. Using Ouvrir There is probably no better use for the word  ouvrir than during the holidays, especially at  Christmastime. Just as in the United States, Christmas is an important holiday in France, and the thought of opening presents brings great excitement. A common way to describe the festive time might be: Comme dans le reste du monde, les Franà §ais se rà ©unissent en famille autour du sapin de Noà «l, et souvent dune petite crà ¨che, et les enfants attendent que le Pà ¨re Noà «l soit passà © pour ouvrir les cadeaux le 25 au matin. This translates as: As in the rest of the world, the French gather around the Christmas tree, and often a little manger, and the children wait for Santa Claus to pass by so they can open presents on the morning of the 25th. Learning to use the verb  ouvrir, then, can help open doors to you as you discuss and take part in many French cultural discussions and celebrations.

Social intelligence Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Social intelligence - Case Study Example There are several ways to keep staff motivated, confident and happy while working, for instance, using rewards or incentives for every job well done. It is suitable for me as the employer to align my own personal economic interests with those of the business (Albrecht, 2006). This will automatically boost my employee’s motivational factor to work even harder with the intention of getting more rewards. This is despite how small or simple a reward may appear similar to a star on the wall or a greater reward. This prompts an employee to work even hard while in quest of competing with fellow peers, hence increase one’s morale and influences the entire workforce (Albrecht, 2006). Another way is by being a leader who leads his employees by example. As the head of the business, I should be true to the business ethics and uphold its brand (Albrecht, 2006). Employees should view me as a role model and put as much effort as I do in successfully running the business. I should show enthusiasm in new projects, display love for the job and ready to take new challenges (Albrecht, 2006). This makes the staff think positively of me and feel secure while working for the business to realize its targets. In addition, I will keep an open working relationship with my employees and let them know their ideas are all important for the business (Albrecht, 2006). I will also offer privileges and few benefits to the workers to know I mind about their welfare and keep them motivated (Albrecht, 2006). These kinds of motivators no matter how small they may appear to them create a big impact where in turn redirect their motivation back to the business. This is through diverse ways like offering breaks for watching television in the office, ordering various supply of fruits for the staff or a half price discount for workers interested in purchasing products from the business. It is also important to motivate employees independently besides motivating them as a group. There are di verse approaches to raising the morale of staff members in a business, for example, by taking an interest in the employees’ future career plans and their balance between work as well as private life. All employees feel appreciated and motivated when they know their leader is mindful of their career plans. I would only achieve this by offering advice to the staff, mentoring them and offering additional training to them for better skills. In addition, I would also assist them in balancing their work and private lives through diverse strategies. For instance, creating a flexible and friendly schedule for all staff and being considerate in personal as well as family commitments incase they arise, for instance, doctor appointments. All employees require public praise. For a job well performed, I praise and commend on the task in front of all the stuff members. Besides, I would run a â€Å"no blame culture† among all the employees. When any worker does not get something righ t, I recommend that they should not blame the person but analyze the issue and establish a solution prior to the business failing. The latter encourages initiative and innovation among the staff, which is extremely essential step of a successful enterprise. 2. Responses or feedbacks are fundamental in changing someone believes and points of view towards a particular issue. In addition, conversation

Section of a reasearch paper Research Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Section of a reasearch - Research Paper Example As the TACO restaurant wants maximum exposure for its Street Tacos, it should set a reasonable price with the sole purpose of getting maximum exposure and space for its Street Tacos in the given market demand for that product. It can happen when the demand for a given product is elastic and the reasonable price will lure the customers in great number to purchase it, resulting in increased revenue to the restaurant. Other reason of using penetration pricing strategy is the possibility of economies of scale. The reason of using this strategy could be the fear of competitors and a restaurant wants to go ahead with its first mover entry (Pricing Strategy 2010). Penetration tactic is used for entering the generic market where competition is high; economies of scale are possible. It can decrease the demand of competitor restaurants’ Street Tacos. At the same time, the TACO restaurant will get another advantage from the penetration pricing by getting a ready market by inducing customers to try other menu items (Pricing Strategy 2010). For the TACO restaurant it is more important to capture the maximum market share first and then introduce other tactics by offering unique features like no other restaurant is offering. It can add a touch of distinctness by not putting beans and rice sides on the tacos and charging the same rate, as other restaurants are charging. In stead of rice and bean sides, customers can order some more items on the menu, which could be a more satisfying experience. The TACO restaurant should at the same time offer its customers the choice of separately ordering bean and rice sides to the Street Tacos while not letting the price increase in comparison to other restaurants selling tacos with bean and rice sides. Those customers will be tempted to save some dollars who don’t want their Street Tacos with bean and rice sides. This is a sort of

Earl Jones - Scams and Fraud Essay Example for Free

Earl Jones Scams and Fraud Essay Earl Jones was born in Montreal on June 24, 1963. He started to work at Montreal TRUST for over 16 years; he worked 8-10 different positions including investment management, estates, trust administration, will planning and manager of the mortgage department. In 1970 Jones left the company to start his own business, he began holding courses on taking care of finances. He then launched a company he called â€Å"Earl Jones Consultant and Administration Corporation, an administrative and financial advising† (Gazette, 2010). He began to make withdrawals from his bank account, into which he deposited his client’s money. Earl Jones is a â€Å"White Collar Criminal† which is â€Å"members of the rich and powerful who used their positions for personal gain ignoring the law and the consequences for others. He surmised that white-collar criminals damaged the social relations between citizens and their government, clients and professionals and consumers and corporations† (Sutherland, 1940). Earl Jones grew up in a family whom barley made it by with money, this contributed to his personality later in life. Earl Jones felt the need to fulfill his desires of better schools for their children, keeping up the appearance of greater wealth than he was able to afford as a status symbol (Sutherland, 1940). Earl Jones scheme works by simply paying old investors the funds collected with new investors. The fraud can only continue just as long as there was a continued flow of new investors. Jones had made a promise to his clients that they will achieve an above normal rate of return. (Moffatt, 2012). In 2005 Jones set up nine mortgages valued nearly two million dollars; he convinced many of his clients to re-mortgage their homes. In 2008 he switched to, a commercial account, he still continued to print ‘in trust’ on cheques he was using with clients. Earl Jones had claimed to be a financial advisor. All the payments he had made showed as an administrative expensive. Jones convinced clients that he would invest their funds to generate high returns with little or no risk. Earl Jones seemed like a very friendly and trustworthy guy. Investors considered him to be a part of the family, most calling him â€Å"Uncle Jones†. Jones targeted his family and his immediate circle of friends, then he started to convince widows with a paid off house to take out a new mortgage so he could invest the loan and get a higher return (Maclellan, 2009). Many people have been hurt in Earl Jones scheme; obviously the initial victims lost their money and were very angry. His family lost the most in this scheme. His wife and daughters experienced many emotions from anger to losing all hope to depression and disappointment. His family knew him as a loving husband, devoted father, and a respected member of the community. When his wife and daughters had figured out what he was really about, they stated him â€Å"as a man we can scarcely believe exists† (CBCNEWS, 2009). Jones had left his family with zero financial means to face the future; his family now needs to become members of local charities, to have basic needs such as food and medication, they also need to worry about finding places to sleep. Earl Jones was sentenced to eleven years in prison. He has pleaded guilty to scamming 158 clients of $50 million dollars in the scheme he had operated for over more than two decades. The punishment does not fit his crime, he had ruined several people’s lives, not only robbing them of their money, but he took their freedom and self-esteem (The Gazette, 2010). In comparison to the punishment given to American Ponzi scheme Bernard Madoff who was sentenced 150 years in jail which is the maximum sentence allowed, Bernard pleaded guilty of 11 felony counts including security fraud, money laundering and perjury. Bernard has scammed clients of $65 billion dollars (New York Times, 2013). Jones sentence does not seem appropriate seeing as he has stolen $50 million dollars from his clients and would have continued this scheme if he was not caught. According to ‘Theories and History of enterprise/white collar crimes’ the theory â€Å"Rational Choice – Need† is appropriate for Earl Jones conduct because â€Å"some individuals are driven by psychological or financial needs to commit crime. Executives may feel the need to keep up the appearance of greater wealth than they are able to afford as a status symbol, or to stroke their egos. Blue collar workers may feel the need to take things to augment their incomes to keep pace with inflation† (Sutherland, 1940). Earl Jones grew up in a family that could barely get by, making him become a needy person in the future, always wanting more. Earl Jones had stolen millions of dollars from his loved ones and his close friends, this proves that he would do anything for money and always wanted to be looked at as a rich person whom always kept up his appearance and style. References The Gazette. (2010). Earl Jones Scandal. Retrieved from: http://www.montrealgazette.com/news/earl-jones/index.html Sutherland, E. (1940). White Collar Criminality. Handout presented at SOCS10261G, Sheridan College, Oakville. Moffatt, M. (2012). Ponzi Scheme. Retrieved from: http://economics.about.com/od/financialmarkets/f/ponzi_scheme.htm Macelellan, N. (2009). Earl Jones – A Canadian Ponzi. Retrieved from: http://beforeyouinvest.ca/2009/07/earl-jones-canadian-ponzi/ CBCNEWS. (2009) Ponzi Scheme Suspects Family express ‘Grief, Shame’. Retrieved from: http://www.cbc.ca/news/canada/montreal/story/2009/07/20/earl-jones-family-statement.html The New York Times. (2013). Bernard L. Madoff. Retrieved from: http://topics.nytimes.com/top/reference/timestopics/people/m/bernard_l_madoff/index.html

The Mandolin :: essays research papers

The Mandolin The mandolin has been around since the end of the 16th Century, although it didn’t look much like the instrument we know today. It evolved in the 18th century and was built in several varieties in different Italian towns, the Neapolitan mandolin becoming the representative type. It was played widely throughout Western Europe from around 1700 to 1810. In the late 1800s a stronger bowl back instrument was developed in Naples, Italy by the Vinaccia family. Known today as the Neapolitan mandolin, this instrument has a bent soundboard, moveable bridge, metal strings and is plucked with a pick. At the end of the 1800s, the Neapolitan mandolin was popular both in Italy and throughout Western Europe. It spread to the U.S. with Italian immigration. The instrument conceived by the Gibson Company in the early 1900s today dominates the Mandolin in the U.S. Built more like a violin with carved single pieces of wood for the front and back, most modern American flat backs are based on Gibson designs. All three of these instruments: Baroque mandolin, round back or Neapolitan mandolin and flat back mandolin, are still played and the musical traditions from the different periods survive on all continents. Mandolins evolved from the Lute family in Italy during the 17th -18th centuries, and the deep bowled mandolin produced particularly in Naples became a common type in the19th century. The original instrument was the mandola (mandorla is almond in Italian and describes the instrument body shape) and evolved in the 15th century from the lute. Later, smaller mandola was developed and became known as a mandolina. Mandolins can be used for a variety of occasions. The Italian mandolin is used for birthdays, or births of a baby. Anniversaries, and especially weddings, I know my parents had a mandolin at there wedding. Mandolins have a soft and gentle sound perfect for these occasions. The mandolin is played kind of like a guitar, but has obvious differences. There are many artists that play the mandolin, but the only one that I know of is my Aunt. (Adriana Vitale). She has not mastered the mandolin but she can play decent, sometimes. She said â€Å"When played right the mandolin has a nice deep gentle sound and sounds as beautiful as it looks, but when I play it, it sounds like a ukulele†.

Old People

Michael Bagen SPE 101 Speech 12/14/10 Outline I. Attention getter: Going to Wedding, old man hits car i. Credibility: Real life situations with older drivers, Dad is an EMT and talks to me about calls all the time ii. Topics: The facts of old drivers, real-life stories, solutions iii. Thesis: I want a federal law to be passed that forces any driver the age of 65 and older to be retested every 3 years to not only save their lives, but others around them. II. Statistics: i. In next 20 years, the number of elderly drivers triple in amount according to Smart Motorist . Older drivers more conservative when driving rarely changing there habits because of factors such as busy highways or nighttime where as other drivers may go another route b. More accidents than kids, mostly at intersections c. At the age of 65 there is a much greater risk for a driver to be engaged in a vehicle accident 1. At the age of 75 that risk increases from just a crash to an accident involving a fatality because o f there higher risk of bad eyes or slower reaction time ii. Troubles with Age a. Bad at making turns b.Slower response rates and reaction times to a drastic change c. Studies show that most accidents involving the elderly are caused at intersections there also multi-vehicle accidents iii. In Japan (2006) a. 20. 8 percent over age 65 b. 13. 1 percent licensed drivers iv. Between 75-84 years old a. Rate of 3 deaths per 100 million miles 1. Over age of 85, chances increase nearly four times v. By 2030 a. Predictions for over age 65 1. Responsible for over 25% of fatal crashes vi. Database, Accidents Analysis & Prevention – July 2010 a. tested 10 teenagers and 10 senior citizens . used pedestrians to test stopping skills 1. 1. 8% slower in front stopping 2. 2. 8% slower on right side 3. 2. 1% slower for left side vii. One of the problems no one wants to fight this is because Seniors are one of the biggest group of voters every election a. Take away there licenses they can’ t drive to the polls b. Take away there licenses even if they could drive they probably won’t vote for you III. Real Stories: i. Elizabeth Grimes a. 90 years old b. Drove through a red light at an intersection and hit one car and then smashed into 17 year old Katie Bolka 1.A classmates mom heard the crash from a couple cars back and ran out to see if anyone needed help, she recognized the school uniform from her kids and she called to school to let them know 2. On this day Katie left early because she wanted to get to school early for some last minute cramming since she had exams that day an had spent the previous weekend studying. a. If she left at her normal time instead of leaving early her 14-year-old sister would have been in the car with her then they both might not be here today. b. 5. 5 days later, she died, she never regained consciousness c.Of the other four people in the accident including Elizabeth they all survived with minor injuries. ii. George Russell Weller ( 2003, Santa Monica CA) a. Age 86, Weller suffered from arthritis, nausea as a side effect of medication, and reduced mobility from a hip replacement. b. George hit the back end of a Mercedes and after doing this he began to accelerate around a corner 1. He went through a road closed sign signifying that there was a farmers market going on and then proceeded to drive at around speeds of 40-60mph for about 1,000ft The only reason his car finally stopped was from bodies being under it. 2. Killed 10 people . Injured over 70 people in his Buick 1. Mistook the accelerator for the break 3. Too old to go to jail – charged for manslaughter a. Fined $101,700. b. Five years of felony probation. 4. Aftermath: a. As of May 22, 2008 the City of San Fransisco has paid out over $21 million to settle dozens of civil suits from the families b. The man that caused all this grief and devistation is confined to his house for the rest of his life receiving 24 hour nursing care 5. Scary part beside s the obvious a. His DMV record was almost spotless, besides one accident that occurred almost 10 years prior b. The accidents were almost identical to.While he didn’t cause any harm that time the fashion of crash was almost the same with his car driving off the road for no reason and then him getting out looking dazed and confused. iii. Elizabeth Baldick a. Age 84 b. Drove her car though a Sears from entrance 1. Completely mauling over a register counter including the employee behind it 2. The only thing that stopped her car was a cement support beam in the store 3. If it wasn’t for that she may not have stopped for a while a. Even after the crash had happened her foot was still pressing down on the gas and you could hear the tires still trying to move 4.The only reason she could give for all this happening was because she was currently on some medication IV. Some Solutions: i. Federal Law Passed. a. Every 3 years get re-tested 1. Check eyes and reactions ii. Doctors should work closer with the DMV a. By having doctors work closer we can get people off the road that shouldn’t be driving b. If someone comes in with a seizure, eye problem anything that could impair there driving abilities the doctor should take it upon themselves to let the DMV know c. Or a doctor giving out medication that has side effects that could do the same the DMV should know about these things . On a personal note my cousin lives in California and is currently going through some medical problems, while he was driving a couple months ago he had a seizure. He had no history of seizures or anything of the sort but after going to the doctor he was not allowed to drive for the next couple months while he was under observation so it wouldn’t happen again 2. Before he was allowed to drive again he had to get written consent to provide to the DMV from his doctor saying he is allowed to drive again. 3. My cousin is in his mid 40’s, why aren’t we doing th is to people that are twice his age and are still driving? ii. Increase profit a. Government will make more money with retests 1. Lower down the debt iv. States that passed this law a. 23 states require periodical visits to DMV b. Only 16 of those states require visual tests v. More precise tests a. Make the eye exams for any situation 1. Florida has enacted a new more strict eye exam for the elderly (80 and over) 2. Because of it 20% of the over 80 crowd don’t even go to try and renew because they don’t think they’ll pass. b. Make sure the medication won’t interfere c. Make it harder than the normal driving test vi.Urge your elderly family members to go and get checked out again, or tell them the next time they need to go somewhere to call you and you’ll take them. V. Conclusion: i. Everyone get in accidents, but with age the increase just keeps getting higher and higher ii. Pass a Federal Law to try and stop this easily avoidable problem from hap pening a. If Seniors want to drive that bad then they will have to follow the rules for doing so iii. Everyday a Senior citizen takes a chance while driving, who knows who could be next to fall victim to it. Works Cited: Davis, R. , & Debarros, A. (2007, May 2). Older, dangerous drivers a growing problem. Editorial]. USA Today, p. 1. Retrieved November 02, 2010 from the World Wide Web: http://www. usatoday. com/ news/ nation/ 2007-05-02-older-drivers-usat1a_n. htm. Press, A. (2007). Older Drivers, Elderly Driving, Seniors At The Wheel. Retrieved November 07, 2010 from Non-Profit Organization, Smart Motorist: http://www. smartmotorist. com/ traffic-and-safety-guideline/ older-drivers-elderly-driving-seniors-at-the-wheel. html. White, M. (2006). Senior Driving. Retrieved November 07, 2010 from Non-profit organization, Helpguide. org: http://www. helpguide. org/ elder/ senior_citizen_driving. htm.

Patriot Act, Pros and Cons

The Patriot Act was signed into law by President Bush in response to the tragedy of the events of 9/11. This report explains the issues that warranted this law, as well as the advantages and disadvantages of the Patriot Act of 2001. Passed in the weeks after the Sept. 11 attacks, the law expanded the government's powers in anti-terrorism investigations. And as expected, controversy is always an issue when such laws are passed. The Patriot Act in no exception. Although the law was designed to counter terrorism within the borders of the United States, some provisions of this law are controversial due to infringements on civil liberties. The following are a list of pros and cons based on information provided by the United States Department of Justice, and ACLU. The Pros: †¢Allows law enforcement to use surveillance against more crimes of terror †¢Law enforcement can conduct investigations without tipping off terrorists †¢Federal agents ask a court for an order to obtain business records in national security terrorism cases †¢The Patriot Act facilitates information sharing and cooperation among government agencies so that they can better â€Å"connect the dots. †¢The Patriot Act reflects new technologies and new threats †¢Law enforcement officials may obtain a search warrant anywhere a terrorist-related activity occurs The Cons: †¢FBI can demand â€Å"any tangible thing,† including books, letters, diaries, library records, medical and psychiatric records, financial information, membership lists of religious institutions, and genetic information without your knowledge or conse nt a. The FBI needs only to tell a judge (no need for evidence or probable cause) that the search protects against terrorism. The judge has no authority to reject this application. †¢Section 213: a. It expands the government's ability to search private property without notice to the owner †¢Violates the 1st and 4th Amendments to the Constitution †¢Does not work: a. 0 out of 5,000 suspects detained for terrorism have been convicted Opponents of the Patriot Act argue that this law was pushed through Congress with some measure of haste and opportunistic tones. The debate and controversy will obviously continue as is with most laws passed within the halls of the United States Congress. As guaranteed by the Constitution of the United States with respect to the right of protest, the Patriot Act will continue and amendments will sure to follow. The act’s own framers admit that it reduces peacetime liberties but argue that it is must continue in order to fight terrorists. As is the case with a law such as the Patriot Act, once it is implemented the government is always reluctant to relinquish its additional powers regardless of whether or not the original threat that prompted the act still exists. Such laws are sometimes viewed as too harsh or simply appalling and sometimes a person feels that his or her privacy is being violated. Sometimes all one has to do is to remember the tragic events of 9/11 to renew their sense of well being, security, and the freedom that is afforded by this great nation, the United States of America.

buy custom Significance of Mercantilism in 16th Century Europe essay

buy custom Significance of Mercantilism in 16th Century Europe essay Mercantilism was an economic doctrine that said government control of foreign trade was supposed to be paramount. Its importance was ensuring prosperity and security of the states that practiced it. This practice continued in Europe for almost two centuries (16th to 18th). It is known to have caused some diplomatic friction among states. This was because the practice had several characteristics that did not favor fair trade. The significance of this doctrine was favored by its policies. By implementing these policies, mercantilism controlled trade to the favor of the European states. The polices included high tariffs on manufactured goods, monopolizing of markets, exclusive trade with colonies, restricting trade in foreign ships, offering export subsidies, banning exportation of silver and gold entirely, promotion of manufacturing of goods through subsidies or research, using cheap labor, maximization on use of locally available resources, and restriction of domestic consumption of g oods with non-tariff barriers to trade. The era of Colombus on his serial discovery of lands, mercantilism was still in play but there was a minimal degree of its use. Colombus discovered numerous lands and islands. The discovered lands and islands were made European colonies. By this, trade was not between the colonies and the European states, but it was partially utilizing cheap labor and abundant resources. Colombus discovered America; this led to colonization of America by European powers. The form of trade that existed between the colony and the colonizer in this case of America and the European states was labor-for-goods. Mercantilism and its policies had all the routes and ports secured for trade. To the advantage of the European states, mercantilism blocked trade between a colony and other states. The presence of powerful monarchs and abundance of resources enabled European nations to secure all productive lands while exploiting cheap labor through slavery. From South America to North America, southern Asia and almost the entire of Africa; European states had taken control of trade. Securing land and slaves provided grounds of trade and cheap labor; these were vital resources to the trade. Industrialization in America began extensively in the 17th century. However, this is not the period when decision to industrialize America took shape. It was before then that plans to develop America were decided on. The indigenous people who existed in the lands that were discovered were treated and referred to as natives. The European states using the mercantilism doctrine did not actually follow the policies filed under the doctrine. This is because the doctrine was in favor of the Europeans nations only and was not in any way favoring the colonies. For example, trade was exclusive with colonies. The interpretation of this policy has it that the European states were free to do trade with whoever they wished but constraints restricting trade betwee n colonies and other parties. With the above goals by the European states, the significance of mercantilism was to control trade by channeling all the resources to their side. It was in the best interest of the 16th century Europe toacquire the necessary resources at that period. They were securing the future of industrialization and economic development by controlling the flow of resources, raw materials, and labor. By restricting ports, it is only the ships of the colonies and their own that would dock that those ports. Standardization and classification of ports as trade points was to ensure that invaders and trade rivals were kept at bay. ] Colombus was Both a Hero and Villain Christopher Colombus was one of the highly recognized and respected voyagers. In other words, he was a hero looking at one side of the picture and a villain looking at the other. During his time, Colombus was devoted to making history by discovering as many ne lands and islands as he could. His determination paid off in that he was able to discover many historic islands and continents. His effort doesnt mean that he was taking people to live in those areas he discovered. It means that he brought the lands and the islands to the recognition of the European monarchs. This recognition led to what we can now call sophistication. Europe is one of the wealthiest continents in the world. This was an added advantage the Europeans had over the rest of the world. They would use their wealth and organized nature to conquer and retrieve land and slave for their own use. Colombus didnt bring sophistication to the world, but he helped those who could by incorporating determination and passion to voyaging. Many are times that he asked for funding from monarchs with conditions that upon discovery of new territories he would be incorporated in their management. Several attempts failed to yield success with winning the support of the monarchs. He did not give up with his petitions for support in exploiting his ideas. His insistence paid off in that he got the support he required. The journey towards discovery was full of challenges brought by mere estimations and wrong interpretation of data. Among the data that was interpreted wrongly involved direction and distance. The wrong interpretations and misjudgment of quantifiers led to even more discoveries that would not have been made if specificity and accuracy was observed. As a villain, Colombus and his men were responsible for humanitarian atrocities. During the first and the second voyages, Colombus record was clean an undented. On the third and the forth voyages, his record of discovery was drawing a bad picture considering the good he had done. After discovering several territories and islands, Colombus was placed to be in charge of the Indies. His reign was controversial in that he used to take gold from the people as a means of taxation. 14 years olds were some of his victims; those who could not afford gold to pay their tax had their hand chopped off. Most of hisvictims died from bleeding in these cases. After being banished from throne, Colombus and his brothers were shipped back to Spain. Still confined at some prison in Spain, Colombus wrote a letter to the king at that time, claiming that he was being disrespected by being chained considering all he had done for them. This was exploitive move to get his brothers and himself out prison. As a human being, this was the period he was supposed to take responsibility for thee deaths he was responsible for. However, he chose to buy himself out by laying claims that all he had done in terms of discovery was enough to exempt him from facing punishment and reinstating his leadership position. Talking to Children about Colombus and the Appropriate Age for it Children can be the wrong audience when choosing who to tell about Colombus. However, we do not have the control of all sources that may find out from. Assuming that all sources that can make children discover about Colombus were rendered inactive, the decision of talking to them is a personal choice that should be thought about carefully. The truth about Colombus can have both positive and negative impacts on the lives of the children we choose to talk about it with. The minds of children develop relative to age. At age 6-10, that can be referred as the infantry stage. From age 13 onwards is a better stage to consider talkingto children about Colombus. At this stage, the minds of the children are able to process information that carries some weight in it. The effect that the information may have on the lives of the children is a vector entity. It can be either positive or negative, but a sure thing is that knowing the truth behind the history of their country cannot lessen the pride they have for their countries. Killing is wrong and committing atrocities because we are protected by the laws is despicable. If children understand that Colombus was an important person who turned villain; would be a lesson to them that would teach them how to be better leader when they get the age of it. On the other hand, the good side of Colombus may have guaranteed positive effect on the lives of the children if they are motivated well enough. Striving to achieve the best and not being afraid to lose track, are some of the good qualities that a child can learn from being talked to about Colombus. Children need to know the history of their countries and some of the well known personalities behind the making of the history. This should only be done at a stage when their minds are fully developed. Sources Used In writing history, accountability and accuracy play a great deal in making the information valid and reliable enough. Archeological evidence and secondary data from reliable sources is crucial when compiling history. The discovery narrative about Colombus is written following research on the archeological evidence like water ways, land marks, and direction of wind. These are necessary for the accountability of time, direction, destination, and purpose. Secondary data is used from paintings and written literature. The combination of archeological evidence and secondary data is sought to ensure accuracy of the information. The inquiry of sources in this reading furthers my understanding in that before making my judgment, I convinced that the author took his/her time to research thoroughly before putting down the findings. Compiling information from one type and nature of source brings out biasness. Collectors of archeological data and the writers of history books when working separately, their individualopinions could be immensely flawed. The opposite is true if they join hands or if one refers to both when writing. Buy custom Significance of Mercantilism in 16th Century Europe essay

How to Clear Your Mind - Unclog Your Brain - Relax

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