Core Professional Competencies Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Center Professional Competencies - Essay Example The relic shows that the instructor has occupied with study hall movement, however he has additionally utilized it to show them their obligations while in the homeroom. The curio likewise satisfies another necessity of CPC 6, which is to encourage the understudies in regards to fitting school and in general social conduct. By making the youngsters right standards, the instructor trains them what the principles are, their significance while causing them to comprehend them well. It additionally fills in as a compelling procedure for diminishing mischievous activities in the study hall as the relic shows that the instructor likewise makes all the kids sign on the principles, which implies that the youngsters would recall that they have vowed to maintain the guidelines. In addition, it would likewise cause them to feel that they were themselves answerable for acquiring them the primary spot, henceforth, the would not hate rules. By including the entirety of the kids, the educator likewis e includes the insidious children in the action, which causes them to feel capable. With everything taken into account, the ancient rarity not just includes all kids in a solid conversation and movement, it likewise shows them their obligations and rights while in the study hall. A decent educator not just gives incorporated thoughtfulness regarding his study hall, he additionally gives singular consideration regarding understudies who are needing it. CPC 7 requires the instructor to create individualized training plans for his understudies. Besides, he additionally helps in shutting the hole between the understudies with learning issues and social issues. The relic is a great usage of CPC 7, it is a touch math practice program. This program has been utilized for an understudy of evaluation 2 who has dyspraxia. The youngster has issues in holding and grasping her pencil and keeping in touch with her letter on line. She issues in essential calculations and can't remember fundamental math capacities, for example, expansion and deduction. The relic shows that the educator is completely mindful of the shortcoming of her understudies and

Campbell and Bailyn’s Boston Office Essay

Official synopsis: This case was about issues that Ken Winston, the provincial office chief Campbell and Bailyn’s Boston Office confronted with because of the two late changes in hierarchical structure and execution the executives framework to respond to the dynamic of the business and market. The issues made by these two changes were process complexity, constraint in upper hands, and demoralization on inside coordinated effort. We prescribe Winston to draw in KAT and deals master group, characterize quantifiable objectives to every person, set up one normal hierarchical objective and make it as a major aspect of the presentation evaluation and hold more organization occasions to support joint effort and relationship. With this arrangement, Winston will have the option to facilitate the procedure, assemble more grounded deals group, keep up piece of the overall industry, gain deals, keep up benefit and make great and solid workplace inside the association. 1. Circumstance investigation Campbell and Bailyn (C and B), found in the mid 1900s and situated in New York, was one of the five biggest speculation bank on the planets. The firm has great notoriety and was doing admirably in all portions of the speculation banking industry. Inside the firm, the bond division, which had been the quickest developing unit, had eight territorial deals workplaces around the globe. After New York, the Boston office was the biggest. Because of the size and the income volume, Boston deals bunch was regularly utilized as a bellwether for new items as well as for the executives thoughts. Ken Winston, the workplace head, had a long history and significant involvement with bond deals, was selected in 2003 to be the Boston local administrator with the conviction by the ranking director to be the supporter and mentor to construct and develop the nearby deals group. During the previous 10 years, the financial business changed drastically. More players came. More items were made to adapt to va rious requests in the commercial center. It was more earnestly to offer to look after volume. It was required more transfer speed and better comprehension on an increasingly confounded obligation instrument to endure. What's more, edge was contracted because of passageway of low-administration, low-value merchants. For those higher-edge items, it was required deepâ knowledge and aptitude to market and make the deal. In mid 2007, the monetary emergency and the emergency in the home loan supported protections showcase straightforwardly affected to the business power in the C and B and Boston office. Winston needed to roll out two vital improvements so as to keep up the business development and work all the more viably. The primary move was to make the â€Å"key account team† KAT. Heritage, the five generalists in the available bond division sold the whole product offering and dealt with their own rundown of clients. Winston had joined these generalists and appointed every one of them to a claim to fame sub-fragment of the firm’s item contributions. The objective was to improve the business group skill on item subtleties and spotlight every person on only one region with inside and out information. Changing from keeping up their deals on client savvy to item astute, they shared thei r clients, just because. For as far back as a while, there are sure number of clients delighted in this new change as they see the new deals group increasingly important. However there were clients miserable and seen it as more difficulty. Likewise, a few sales reps thought that it was confounded themselves on those enormous and multiproduct exchanges given the quantity of individuals that should have been included. Another greater worry of Winston was the confinement on the common charisma of his kin because of this specialization. The subsequent change was to actualize new execution the executives framework, called â€Å"multisource† examination. The exhibition audit was not, at this point the mix of deals volume and own chief evaluations. It was then a blend of a few components which included friend audit and criticism from dealers, item director, scientists, deals, benefits and administrator perceptions. This change intended to better the joint efforts between provincial deals power and cross utilitarian groups just as urge the business group to improve net edge and benefit. After the a while of progress, there was an up-tick in overall revenue. Notwithstanding, there was a danger of losing deals volume with net edge center. Plus, the business group communicated their dissatisfaction. They perceived the capability of being examined by different capacities as a feature of their exhibition the board survey Below was the Boston office structure when the change Before After 2. Issue Diagnosis: Getting ready for the yearly year-end meeting, Winston needed to introduce on theseâ new two changes. Watching client responses, hearing remarks legitimately from his business group, he knew obviously the quality and shortcoming of the new changes. The new KAT group development provided an incentive to some client, yet, it made disarray, more work and confusion at both client end and C and B deals group end. Client needed to manage multi individuals rather than a solitary contact point. More individuals were required to be associated with enormous arrangement. More assembles and conference were required. The choice of presenting the KAT group had missed the commitment and contribution from the pro group who were specialists on forte item. Reasonable procedure accepted commitment not just conveyed management’s regard for individual and their thoughts yet in addition empowered invalidation honed everyone’s thinking and manufactured aggregate shrewdness (6). There were ab sence of coordinated efforts and a smooth procedure inside the association. What's more, the business group invested more energy in house to make sense of the new procedure and satisfy its necessities instead of invested time to meet and engage clients which was utilized to be key an aspect of their responsibilities and potential wellspring of producing more arrangements and deals. They lost their association with client. Callahan, who was delegated as the ostensible head of KAT group, got remarks from one of his significant records, Ashland Capital, communicated the worry on the diminishing connecting between the deals and client since the change was set up. Besides, the way that every individual was given a claim to fame constrained his/her regular charismatic skill. This specialization may likewise prompt a siloed association structure which was unquestionably not the procedure. Michael Goold and Andrew Campbell expressed that in figuring a procedure and hierarchical plan, an organization needed to address two variables which were distinguishing the correct market and characterizing the correct philosophy to pick up the a preferred position over rivals in those market (6). Numerous organizations wound up with blocking the market methodology as opposed to facilitating it while doing the authoritative plan changes. One of the disappointments was to make divisions among units that make it hard to work and increment upper hands (6). As the individuals from the KAT group couldn't sell other product offerings outside their appointed claim to fame, it was hard for them to grow their client base. This was not useful to contend with different contenders. With new remuneration framework, the association confronted the danger of losing volume deals just as making an inward fighting among the colleagues and unfortunate working environmentâ between cross practical groups. Since the presentation depended on benefit, the business group would prefer to decide to finalize a little negotiation with high gross edge as opposed to enormous arrangement with moderate edge. Friend criticism was a piece of the audit limited the data sharing between collaborators. Individuals were increasingly preservationist. This bombed the motivation behind crossing over the information hole among deals and item. Plus, since inside relationship and execution were then significant, the sales reps thought less about their customers and overlook the component of client assistance that was an earlier differentiator. The new KAT group and execution the executives framework made procedure complexity for both client and salesmen, danger of losing deals volume, danger of losing upper hands, and inability to encourage the business group ability and construct a viable activity process inside the association. These issues must be fixed so as to win consumer loyalty, gain piece of the pie and fabricate an efficient and well-practical association. 3. Elective arrangements Arrangement #1: Merge key record group and pro group Group up KAT and pro into one little group. Move deals master from expert group to be pair with every KAT part to make group for item specialization. Table beneath shows the new recommended structure. Stars: This blend will make more vitality and collaboration for every strength sub sections item. KAT group will get extra backings from deals pro particularly authority can give understanding in term of how to deal with bargain from item specialization viewpoint. It additionally permits deals KAT group to have additional time and data transfer capacity to target new client and keep up relationship with key client accounts. Deals master will have a chance to manage greater records which causes them to better their record overseeing ability and manufacture relationship with significant clients. Cons: Changes after changes will make more disarray to both client and inside group. KAT part and deals authority should get to know one another so as to comprehend both side and become group. This change requires a flat out help and arrangement between the two groups which isâ hard to ensure. Much the same as each merger, it might run into the danger of having obstruction from inside. Deals expert may not be eager to offer help to KAT since it makes more work for them. They should invest energy and exertion to find out about the new significant records. In the event that this change doesn't accompany clear bearing and very much characterized usage plan, it might exacerbate things. Arrangement #2: Add more asset to KAT and increment commitment from both group a

Sault Sainte Marie

Sault Sainte Marie Sault Sainte Marie, city (1990 pop. 14,689), seat of Chippewa co., N Mich., Upper Peninsula, a port of entry on the St. Marys River opposite Sault Ste Marie, Ont.; inc. as a city 1887. A variety of light manufactured goods are produced, but the city's economy is principally based on tourism and lake shipping. The famous Soo locks on the St. Marys River draw visitors who watch heavily laden ships pass through the intricate system that links lakes Superior and Huron. Particularly impressive is the 21-ft (6.4-m) lift to the level of Lake Superior. The region was first explored (1615) by Etienne Brulé , and Father Jacques Marquette established a Jesuit mission there in 1668. French occupation ended in 1763. The British remained in control until 1783, when the area was ceded to the United States. Fort Brady was built in 1822. The discovery of great mineral deposits in the northwest stimulated the construction (1853â€"55) of the Sault Ste Marie Canal to facilitate the flow of ore; the locks have since been enlarged. An international bridge connects Sault Ste Marie with its Canadian counterpart. Lake Superior State Univ. in the city occupies the historic site of Fort Brady. The Columbia Electronic Encyclopedia, 6th ed. Copyright © 2012, Columbia University Press. All rights reserved. See more Encyclopedia articles on: U.S. Political Geography

Ethical Issues in Psychology Essay - 1242 Words

We are going to explore the world of ethical issues in psychology. As in any medical or mental health fields there are rules we all must follow as professionals. In this essay today we will be exploring a case study where we have a young lady who has been stricken by a mental disability. We will be looking at the facts in which her disability was handled by a professional in the field of psychology. We also will be discussing the rights and wrongs that are presented in her case study. We will also be discussing the APA ethical codes and gain a clearer understanding of where some things went wrong and why shall we begin. It started on a day in May when a fellow church member had many concerns about a young woman†¦show more content†¦The psychologist did preform an IQ test on Carolyn and came up with a diagnosis of mentally mildly disabled. Let’s stop her what is wrong? This professional has taken a young woman who is mentally disabled and unable to think clearly for her and preformed testing on her. By the contents of this case study there was no consent forms signed for this test. The professional also did not seek out a family member to gain some knowledge of the family history. There was no family background assessed. If this woman is mentally disabled then she is incapable of allowing any kind of testing to be performed because she will not understand the diagnosis nor will she understand what is expected from her. I feel there was misuse of a psychologist assessment. It states in â€Å"1.01 Misuse of Psychologists Work If psychologists learn of misuse or misrepresentation of their work, they take reasonable steps to correct or minimize the misuse or misrepresentation† in Carolyn’s case the psychologist continued on with the assessment without being aware of family background and allowing a mentally disabled woman to make her own decisions even if they did not benefit Carolyn’s medical or mental health. There was not even an attempt to contact the medical professional Carolyn may have seen from time to time. Apparently there was no written data within this psychologist reachShow MoreRelatedEthical Issues in Psychology788 Words   |  4 Pagesare the moral codes laid down by professionals to ensure that their members or representatives adhere to certain standards of behaviour. All scientific bodies have such codes but those in psychology are particularly important because of the subject matter of the topic. The three main ethical issues in psychology using human participants are: Privacy, physical and psychological harm and deception. Deception involves either concealing the real intention of a study from participants or taking stepsRead MoreProfessional And Ethical Issues Of Forensic Psychology778 Words   |  4 PagesCase Analysis Professional and Ethical Issues in Forensic Psychology Samuelu Vaina Argosy University Dr. Arena  Most common ethical problems arise in the profession of therapists and psychologists usually occur from the relationships they share with a client. The relationship shared between a practitioner and a client can be very cloudy and blurry in its nature. An example of a conflict that usually occurs in the relationship would be that of having two roles or responsibilities to a client orRead MoreSocial Psychology And Multiculturalism1644 Words   |  7 Pages Psychology has become an integrated part of our real life. Psychology affects life under different theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. Furthermore, there areRead MoreSocial Psychology And Mult iculturalism1714 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction Psychology has become an integrated part of our real life. Psychology affects life under different theories and identifications. For example, social psychology and multiculturalism work together to create the social change people aspire to. However, social psychology, according to Jahoda (2016), cannot explain the link between the social behavior and the social norms of the society and culture. Hence, social psychology could be a challenge when a person tries other cultures. FurthermoreRead MoreForensic Psychology And The Human Mind And Its Functions1627 Words   |  7 PagesPsychology and law at first glance are not two terms that seem to correspond with each other. One might even question why they would be mentioned in the same context. Crime has become a major issue within today’s society. It seems as though the only way to prevent most of them is to enforce the repercussions of the act and punish those that partake in it. Criminals often have motives or attributes that l ead them into a life of crime. Forensic psychology is the cynosure that brings the associationRead MoreEthical Issues in Education Essay example1736 Words   |  7 PagesCode of ethics act as a promise to protect and support the safety of individuals in society, supports as a leading light it help the supporters of an occupation, resolve ethical problems and act as a protector the community. A code of ethics discloses and conserves the current viewpoint professionals on in what way to make ethical decisions. It stresses importance on obligation to moral values and vital beliefs. Application of a code of ethics helps us to guarantee that members of the professionRead MoreThe Practice of Clinical Psychology Workshee965 Words   |  4 Pagesif you use it. Thank you. The Practice of Clinical Psychology Worksheet Answer the following questions. Your response to each question must be at least 150 words in length. 1. What are at least two legal issues associated with clinical psychology? Provide an example of a situation that could be legal but unethical. Explain your response. There are many legal issues that exist in clinical psychology. Two of these legal issues are maintaining confidentiality and getting written consentRead MoreEthics Case Study: Clinical Psychologist Essay1244 Words   |  5 PagesAs the result of a colleague’s sudden serious illness, a clinical psychologist is asked to teach a physiological psychology course, which is definitely outside his area of expertise. The course begins in one week. The department chair recognizes that the psychologist is not competent is this area, but he is as qualified as anyone else in the department and is the only person whose schedule can accommodate the course. The course is required for graduation, and several seniors will not graduateRead MoreShort Ethics Reference Guide For Life Coaching906 Words   |  4 Pagesconnections or one-on-one sessions in an office. The safety considerations would be has to be diligently placed in the policies of the life coach to abide by and possibly initial ing the references of the policies in the informed consent. The American Psychology Association advises on some aspects of what could happen in a life coaching services for psychologists. The International Coach Federation (ICF) is another avenue of referencing. ICF does not cater to the psychologists, although they have peopleRead MoreLegal Issues Associated By Clinical Psychology Essay1352 Words   |  6 Pages 1. Legal issues associated in clinical psychology In clinical psychology, several legal issues do exist, and clinical psychologists must adhere to such legal standards. Two common legal issues are maintaining confidentiality and obtaining written informed consent. In regard to the maintenance of confidentiality, the clinical psychologists must never disclose the records of any patient or client unless required by law. This is a significant concern in clinical psychology, which the psychologist

Monsters in Greek Mythology Essay - 1646 Words

One of the most interesting qualities of Greek mythology is probably the depiction of monsters in the myths. However, these monsters are not all unique. In fact, they all fall into very distinct categories, making them almost the same. Most monsters in Greek mythology look and act in the same ways. Several monsters from these myths look the same in that they have very similar qualities such as being large, snake or human like. However, they are also very alike in that they behave in very similar ways, from guarding something or roaming freely and causing chaos. Generally, the monsters in Greek mythology follow this outline and are depicted in a way to show these qualities. Throughout several myths, monsters are described as many diverse†¦show more content†¦It also terrorized the neighboring towns and villages. Medusa also has snake-like characteristics. Her hair is made of snakes and she depicted as evil because she turns people to stone. Overall, there are several monsters that contain snake-like characteristics and it is used to show them as an evil part of society. Probably some of the most fearsome and violent monsters contain characteristics of a lion. A prime example is the Nemean lion. This lion was vicious and could not be hurt by bronze or stone. Since the lion is a very powerful and fierce animal, this monster is especially feared because it is partially lion and invincible to weapons. The Griffin is another ferocious monster that has the body of a lion but the head and wings of an eagle. It is especially known to guard treasure. It is a mix of the lion, the king of beast, and the eagle, king of birds, so it was very powerful. In general, monsters with lion characteristics are very powerful and feared. Several monsters such as the Minotaur, Medusa, and centaurs appear to be partially human. The Minotaur, for example, has the head of a bull but the body of a man. He was born as the offspring of Minos’s wife and a beautiful bull sent by Poseidon. However, Minos’s wife was forced to love the bull by Poseidon. On the other hand, Medusa was born a beautiful woman until she upset Athena who turned her into a terrifying monsterShow MoreRelatedHow Child Abuse Affects a Hero, a God, and a Monster in Greek Mythology811 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. Abuse is suffered in various forms such as physical, emotional, and verbal. But all abuse is very harmful, especially when it is experienced by a child. There are many stories in Greek mythology that show various types of abuse but most prevalent are the acts that target children. Three figures in Greek mythology that face child abuse are Heracles, Hephaestus, and the Minotaur. The first figure is the hero Heracles. He is one of the most known figures that faces abuse throughout his childhoodRead MoreGreek Mytholoical Monsters1029 Words   |  5 PagesSpiderman has a different foe he fights against. In Greek mythology, this process works the same way. The gods and goddesses of Greek mythology had many foes, usually being monsters. The monsters in Greek mythology were known to destroy people, damage different cities, or cause all kinds of havoc. The Gorgons, Lamia, and Hydra, are few of many monsters that were menaces to society. The Gorgons were possibly the most well-known of the Greek monsters. Originally Stheno, Euryale, and Medusa, theRead MoreThe Greek Heros Triumph Over Monsters1477 Words   |  6 PagesGreece undoubtedly has one of the most interesting cultures in terms of its mythologies. Within Greek myths, the hero can be seen as representing good and can be either mortal or a demi-god. A mortal is an individual who is 100 percent human, and an example of a mortal hero within these myths Jason, of Jason and the Golden Fleece. A demi-god is defined as someone who is part human, but is also part god. In Greek myths, Hercules and Perseus are examples of demi-god heroes in their myths. Whether heRead MoreGreek and Roman Mythology: 780 Words   |  4 Pages Lamia was the queen of Libya which is another name for North Africa in greek and roman mythology. She became a child eating daemon. Lamia was known for being beautiful. She was a mistress of Zeus. One of his many. Zeus is known as the god of the sky. He was also married to a woman named Hera. Hera was the goddess of women and marriage. She was known for being jealous of Zeus lovers and children. Hera was said to have killed all of lamias children. She killed them out of jealousy, and she kept oneRead MoreRoman vs Greek Mythology Essay1231 Words   |  5 PagesMythology is the history and beliefs of a people who were able to see the magic in the world all around them. â€Å"Today their alters are empty, their great temples in ruins. But the gods of the ancient Greeks and Romans live on in powerful myths that have borne retelling for countless generations.(Fandex 1)†. Greek mythology and its Roman counter part have fascinated people for ages. Despite their similarities Greek and Roman mythology has key differences: in the Gods names, what they are basedRead MoreUnderstanding Mythological Monsters Essay1669 Words   |  7 PagesMonsters are towering, fierce beings best known for causing nightmares and battling her oes. Tales are told of their devastating power, but also of their agonizing defeats. Monsters are symbols of the inherent evil of human nature and of the dark truths of the natural world. Monsters are also challenges, tasks a hero must complete. Sometimes monsters are the ultimate measure of a hero’s worth, other times just another step in a hero’s journey. In the book Bulfinch’s Mythology, Thomas Bulfinch writesRead MoreEssay about Monsters1570 Words   |  7 PagesIn mythology, monsters provide a challenge that humans must overcome. Heroes try to gain fame by defeating them and townspeople are afraid of them. Monsters spread fear for men to conquer. They give the opportunity for heroes to prove themselves. According to Mr. Thomas Bullfinch, â€Å"monsters are unnatural in proportions and parts and are employed for the injury and annoyance of men (Bullfinch 1).† Monsters do have strange parts and a common purpose. In Greek mythology, monsters have str iking similaritiesRead MoreAnalysis Of Percy Jackson And The Sea Of Monster1636 Words   |  7 Pageswant to know what could possibly lie beneath the Bermuda Triangle or what could live on the Polyphemus island For my research project I ve decided to do my report on Greece. I have chosen the book Percy Jackson and the sea of monster. For my project I am trying to explain how there is good vs.evil, acceptance and over coming fear. The context in my essay will included history of Greece which I will talk about later in my report, I will than later talk about the summary ofRead MoreThe s Stone, By J.k Rowling972 Words   |  4 Pages In, J.K Rowling’s Philosopher’s Stone there are a number of references to ancient mythologies. The events, characters and creatures in the story are not purely fictional, most of them relate to ancient mythology embedded in different cultures. According to Joseph Campbell, American mythologist, when people think of mythology, they usually correlate it with Greek mythology. This is illustrated through examples such as the dog Fluffy, the Philosopher’s stone, magic numbers three and seven, and alsoRead MoreImportance Of Myths In Greek Myths941 Words   |  4 PagesGreek mythology is the myths and legends that the Greeks built their lives around. Hermes is the goddess of herds, flock, traveller, hospitality roads, trade and laws. He was born in a cave at dawn, and his mother wrapped him in swaddling wraps. Sirens were creatures that had a head of a woman and body if bird. Tires ias lived for seven to nine years, and in those years he lived as man and woman. Hermes, Sirens, and Tiresias are important in Greek mythology because they reveal the values of Greek

Design of Single Mode TE Mode Optical Polarizers Free Essays

Design of Single manner TE mode optical Polarizer Using Silicon Oxynitide multilayed wave guide Abstraction–A Si oxynitride ( SiON ) guided movie is used as multilayered wave guide and utilizing transportation matrix method.We propose the application of wave guide as a TE-Pass polarizer and TM-Pass polarizer holding a passband in the 3rd optical communicating window of 1550 nanometer. Polarizer is cardinal constituent for devices which require a individual polarisation for their operation. We will write a custom essay sample on Design of Single Mode TE Mode Optical Polarizers or any similar topic only for you Order Now Most of the polarizers use metal clad wave guides with proper thickness and refractile index of screen and substrate. Index Terms— Optical Polarizer, Multi-layered wave guide, TE manner, Silicon oxynitride Introduction Optical wave guide: An optical wave guide is a physical construction that guides electromagnetic moving ridges in the optical spectrum. Common types of optical wave guides include optical fiber and rectangular wave guides. To manufacture a planing machine wave guide ( Fig.1 ) , normally a movie ( refractile indeximg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.001.png") , with a screen bed ( refractile indeximg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.002.png") , is grown on a substrate ( refractile indeximg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.003.png") such thatimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.004.png"Such wave guides are known as asymmetric wave guides. For symmetric wave guide, the screen and substrate are fabricated with same stuff and the refractile indices are equal, i.e.img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.005.png". If there are more than one bed between Cover and Substrate, so such type of optical wave guides are known as Multilayer Waveguide. In a multi-layered wave guide, we have pick to manufacture as many beds as we required. We can choose the thickness of the beds and the type of the stuff harmonizing to our demand. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.006.png"/ Fig. 1 Geometry of 3-layer wave guide construction For a N-layer construction, theDefineframe receives the vacuity wavelength, the refractile index valuesns ( substrate ) , n1, †¦ , nN ( interior beds 1 to N ) , nc ( screen ) , and the thicknessest1, †¦ , tNof the interior beds. All dimensions are meant in microns. The figure illustrates the relevant geometry: img alt="Planar" geometry="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.007.png" waveguide=""/ Fig.2 Geometry of multilayer wave guide construction Multilayer wave guides are used in the execution of a assortment of optical devices including semiconducting material optical masers, modulators, wave guide polarisers, Bragg reflectors, and directional couplings. During the last 20 old ages, many efforts have been made to work out the moving ridge equation for the propagating manners in a general, lossless or lossy multilayer wave guide, in such a manner as to ease the design and optimisation of the above optical devices. TE-Pass Polarizer Silicon oxynitride ( SiON ) planar waveguide construction can be fabricated by utilizing plasma enhanced chemical vapor deposition ( PECVD ) . In this technique oxidization reaction is initiated by plasma instead than utilizing external warming beginning. Other techniques are runing technique, vapour stage deposition technique but CVD technique is superior. These wave guides find assorted applications in optical communicating particularly as wavelength filter, microresonator, modulator, polarisation splitter and 2nd harmonic generator. A SiON guided movie is used as multilayered wave guide and utilizing transportation matrix method we propose the application of wave guide as a TE-Pass polarizer and TM-Pass polarizer holding a passband in the 3rd optical communicating window of 1550 nanometer. Polarizer is cardinal constituent for devices which require a individual polarisation for their operation. Most of the polarizer usage metal clad wave guides with proper thickness and refractile index of screen and substrate. Multilayer wave guides are used in the execution of a assortment of optical devices including semiconducting material optical masers, modulators, waveguide polarizer, Bragg reflectors, and directional couplings. We propose a multilayered SiON wave guide fabricated on substrate and has metalimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.008.png"as screen is shown in fig 2. The pick of SiON is made for its extremely desirable characteristics such as low interpolation loss, broad scope of refractile index tailoring and realisation of compact devices because of its low bending loss. The present constellation of optical polarizer will happen applications in incorporate optical circuits, signal processing from fiber ocular detectors and fiber gyroscopes. For the analysis of the wave guide we have used the transportation matrix preparation. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.009.png" img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.010.png" Fig.3 Geometry of multilayer wave guide construction img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.011.png"= refractile index of the screen img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.012.png"= refractile index of the movie i=1, 2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦r img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.013.png"= refractile index of the substrate img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.014.png"= thickness of the movie bed in micrometer img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.015.png"= thickness of the movie bed in micrometer Figure 1:Formulation For the computation of extension invariable and ensuing extension manner profile of multi-layered wave guide, there are following methods: – 1. Disturbance Method ( 4-layer ) 2. Newton’s Method 3. Mode-matching method ( 5-layer construction ) 4. Transfer Matrix Formulation 5. Argument Principle Method The disturbance method for a lossless 5-layer construction, for a lossy 4-layer construction, and for a metal-clad wave guide was used to find the extension invariables and the ensuing propagating manner profiles. Newton’s method was used for metal-clad wave guides where the derived function of the scattering equation can be obtained analytically. A graphical method, every bit good as formal electromagnetic analysis methods such as the mode-matching method, was besides used. The disturbance method every bit good as Newton’s method can non easy be extended to multilayer constructions, since their attack is analytic and the expression involved become cumbersome. None of the above methods can easy foretell the figure of propagating manners supported by the multilayer construction. This is a serious job since there is no manner of cognizing when to halt seeking for new propagating manners or even if the wave guide really can back up any manner at all. In fact, an extra analysis must be used to find the figure of guided manners before using the zero-searching techniques. Even if the figure of bing propagating guided manners is given, there is no verification that all the manners will be found. All the above mentioned methods have serious jobs in turn uping closely spaced roots. Furthermore, all of them need an initial estimate near to the existent nothing. This initial estimation may be hard to happen, particularly for high-loss propagating manners where the popular disturbance method does non use. The method which we are utilizing, is based on complex figure theory. It is capable of happening the nothing or poles of any analytic map in the com plex plane. The scattering equation of a general multilayer wave guide is formed via the construct of thin-film transfer-matrix theory. After its uniqueness points are observed, the complex plane is divided into parts where the scattering equation is analytic, and all the zeros inside each part are found. In add-on, the method provides the figure of nothing or poles in each part. The transfer-matrix analysis provides an easy preparation of the multilayer construction job. The method will be presented for TE manners but the extension to TM manners is straightforward. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.016.png"/ Fig.4 TE-Pass Polarizer A multilayer nonmagnetic slab wave guide construction(  µ= µO) ,is shown in Fig. 2. The refractile index,img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.017.png",of the IThursdaybed can be complex in general, i.e. ,img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.018.png",whereimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.019.png",is the extinction coefficient of the IThursdaybed and I = 1.. . ..randRis the layer figure. For aTelluriummanner propagating in the+img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.020.png"way in the IThursdaybed, (tenI? x ? xi+1) , the electric field isimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.021.png",and the magnetic field in the same bed isimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.022.png"whereimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestor e/essays/1498805.023.png"are the unit vectors in theten, Y, omegaway, severally,img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.024.png"is the radian frequence, andimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.025.png"is the complex extension invariable withimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.026.png"andimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.027.png"the stage and the fading invariables severally 2.1TE Mode A multilayer nonmagnetic slab wave guide construction(  µ= µO) ,is shown in Fig. 3. The refractile index,img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.017.png",of the IThursdaybed can be complex in general, i.e. ,img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.018.png",whereimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.019.png",is the extinction coefficient of the IThursdaybed and I = 1.. . ..randRis the layer figure. For aTelluriummanner propagating in the+img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.020.png"way in the IThursdaybed, (tenI? x ? xi+1) , the electric field isimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.021.png",and the magnetic field in the same bed isimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.022.png"whereimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestor e/essays/1498805.023.png"are the unit vectors in theten, Y, omegaway, severally,img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.024.png"is the radian frequence, andimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.025.png"is the complex extension invariable withimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.026.png"andimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.027.png"the stage and the fading invariables severally By utilizing Maxwell’s differential equations, we get img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.028.png" img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.029.png"/ For TE manner, img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.030.png"= 0, merelyimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.031.png"constituents will show. So by work outing above two Maxwell’s equations, we getimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.032.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.033.png"( 1 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.034.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.035.png"( 2 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.036.png"( 3 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.037.png"( 6 ) whereimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.038.png"is the freespace permittivity,img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.039.png"andimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.040.png", c is the velocity of the visible radiation in the freespace andimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.041.png"is the freespace wavelength. The electric and magnetic The Electric and Magnetic digressive Fieldss within the IThursdaybed are solutions of above equation, and can be written as img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.042.png"= AIimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.043.png"+ BIimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.044.png"( 7 a ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.045.png"=jimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.046.png"( 7 B ) When we apply boundary status atimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.047.png"=img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.048.png"in equations ( 7 a ) and ( 7 B ) , so we will acquire img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.049.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.050.png"( 8 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.051.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.052.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.053.png"=cos [img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.054.png"]img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.055.png"+img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.056.png"( 10 a ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.057.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.058.png"( 10 B ) Adding equation ( 10 a ) and ( 10 B ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.059.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.060.png"( 11 ) Using the continuity of the digressive Fieldss at any layer interface in the multilayer construction, the Fieldss digressive to the boundaries at the top of the substrate bedimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.061.png",img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.062.png"and at the underside of the screen bedimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.063.png",img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.064.png", are related via the matrix merchandise img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.065.png"/ =[img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.066.png"( 12 ) Where img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.067.png"for one = 1,2†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. , R( 13 ) Are the transportation matrices for all of theRbeds holding thicknessimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.068.png". For propagating manners, the digressive Fieldss at the boundaries must be exponentially disintegrating holding the signifier img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.070.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.069.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.071.png"( 14 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.072.png"/ And img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.074.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.073.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.075.png"( 15 ) img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.076.png" Whereimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.077.png",img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.078.png"/ From equation ( 12 ) , we get img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.079.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.080.png"/ img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.081.png" img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.082.png"/ The extinction ratio ( PER ) is defined as the ratio of power staying ( at the end product terminal ) in theimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.083.png"manner (img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.084.png") to the power staying ( at the end product terminal ) in theimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.085.png"manner (img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.086.png") , expressed in dBs. In add-on, the interpolation loss ( PIL ) is defined as the power loss associated with theimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.083.png"manner. Frankincense: PER= 10img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.087.png"/ PER=img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.083.png"Loss in dubnium?img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.085.png"Loss in dubnium PIL= 10img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.088.png"(img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.084.png") PIL=img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.083.png"Loss in dubnium The above equations assume that the inputimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.089.png"manner has unit power at the input terminal of the polarizer. In order to hold a good TE-pass polarizer, we require the power staying in the desiredimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.090.png"manner at the end product terminal of the polarizer to be every bit high as possible. Hence a low value of PIL is desirable. The effectivity of the polarizer in know aparting against the transition of theimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.090.png"mode comparative to theimg alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.089.png"manner is measured by the PER parametric quantity. Therefore, this parametric quantity should be every bit high as possible. Hence, we require a high PER and at the same time a low PIL. img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.091.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.092.png"/ Figure 5.1: Effective index w.r.t.normalized movie Figure 5.2: Loss w.r.t.normalized movie bed img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.093.png"img alt="" src="https://s3-eu-west-1.amazonaws.com/aaimagestore/essays/1498805.094.png"/ Fig. 5.3: Effective index w.r.t.normalized movie bed Fig. 5.4: Loss w.r.t.normalized movie bed Decision First of wholly, we have checked the map of TE manner by utilizing transportation matrix method [ 2 ] . The value of stage changeless and fading invariable for 6-layer Lossy Dielectric Waveguide are available. The available informations were calculated by the method of Argument Principle ( APM ) . Transportation Matrix method has been used to analyze a four superimposed waveguide dwelling of SiON as guiding movie. On this footing, we have designed TE base on balls polarizer. The scope of SiON movie thickness was estimated so that merely the cardinal pervert TE0is supported. The computations showed that in the thickness scope of 0.7 µm -2.2  µm of SiON, the wave guide supports merely TE0manner. In TE manner base on balls polarizer, the loss of TE manner is in the scope of 0.2 – 2.5 dB/cm and for TM mode its scope is 40 – 45 dB/cm, which rather higher in comparing to TE manner. So in this type of constellation of four bed wave guide, merely TE manner will go through. Mentions [ 1 ] Vishnu Priye, Bishnu P.Pal, and K.Thyagarajan, â€Å" Analysis and Design of a Novel Leaky YIG Film Guided Wave Optical Isolator, †J. Lightwave Technol. , vol. 16, No.2, February 1998 [ 2 ] Anemogiannis and E.N.Glytis, â€Å"Multilayer waveguides: Efficient numerical analysis of general constructions, †J. Lightwave Technol. , vol. 10, pp. 1344-1351, 1992 [ 3 ] M.Ajmal Khan and Hussain A. Jamid, â€Å" TE/TM Pass Guided Wave Optical Polarizer† , IEEETEM2003 [ 4 ] H.Kogelnik, Theory of Optical Waveguides in Guided-wave Optoelectronics, T. Tamir, Ed. New York: Springer-verlag, 1988 [ 5 ] AJOY K. GHATAK, K. THYAGARAJAN, AND M. R. SHENOY Numerical Analysis of Planar Optical Waveguides Using Matrix Approach [ 6 ] Ajoy Ghatak and K.Thyagarajan, â€Å" Optical Electronics’’ , Cambridge University Press [ 7 ] Joseph A Edminister and Vishnu Priye, â€Å"Electromagnetics Schaum’s Outline, Tata MacGraw Education Private Limited† How to cite Design of Single Mode TE Mode Optical Polarizers, Essay examples

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The empty concrete Essay Example For Students

The empty concrete Essay Throughout the adventures of Concrete there are many times where he shows his loneliness in a story. The one story that I find this most evident in is â€Å"next Best†. In this story Concrete goes through a number of let downs during the course of his day. The story starts off with Concrete having a surreal dream, a fantasy of Maureen and him being together. He admits his love to her. He is transformed into a human being by a god like structure that I believe was the Senator. Setting him free. He has always wanted to be close with Maureen. The dream ends when Tripod, his dog wakes him up to his empty, messy apartment so that he can feed him in the morning. A knock at the door brings Maureen into the story. Strangely enough she has her own keys to the door. Concrete questions her on why she didn’t use her set of keys and she gets around it by saying she lost them, not really giving Concrete a straight answer to his question. Concrete has a seemingly good idea about maybe him and Maureen going to the zoo. He wants to spend time with her. She, like always, can’t spare the time to spend with him. She has something of more importance to tend to. Maureen declines due to a paper she says she has to finish. Maureen usually doesn’t like to get into conversation with Concrete. When ever he tries to talk to her on a normal level she changes the subject, talking about test that need to be done to him and questions him on how his health has been, ignoring him really and not listening to what he is saying. We will write a custom essay on The empty concrete specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Concrete calls Larry to see if he would like to work some idea’s out for an essay he’s writing. Unfortunately for Concrete Larry has a woman over and says that for him to do anything is not convenient at the time and keeps the conversation short and gets off the phone. Just another let down for Concrete. The phone rings and on the phone is Senator Douglas. Concrete’s spirits have lifted a little now that he is talking to him. He calls to discuss the ideas that Concrete had in the letter he wrote to the Senator. To Concrete’s disappointment the Senator doesn’t want Concrete for anything other than the ideas that he has already given him. Not only that but the Senator goes on talking about how when Concrete left his job as a speechwriter he found another speechwriter that is â€Å"just fantastic†. All these let downs. Then on pg. 82 Maureen comes back. I think her just coming back into the house makes Concrete think that maybe she has changed h er mind. She had left her keys on the table that was all it was. Once again we see Concrete all alone. With nothing left to do Concrete starts responding to some of his letters. He comes across one that as he reads it starts to sound better and better. It starts out as an almost a cry for help. The writer of the letter compliments him on all his fine doings. Complimenting him on how great a citizen and role model he is. Building him up towards asking him for a favor. The writer insults Concrete by asking him for a visit to their neighbor to strike fear in him to get the man’s dog to stop going the bathroom on their lawn. This may have some connection though with his dog in the beginning when he gets a letter from his neighbor about Tripod having a problem going to the bathroom on their lawn. In the end of the story he is left alone with Tripod, the only one that was there for him trough out the day. Concrete seems happy with this though. In conclusion the beginning of the story where Concrete dreams the fantasies of being human and getting together with Maureen is just an examp le of how much he is in need to be set free from his concrete life. The loneliness, the emptiness, all the letdowns, made of concrete but how much beating on can Concrete take?Bibliography:not needed

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Companys IT & Competitive Advantage - Essay Example The organizations and companies are under constant pressure of competition. First this competition was just with the local industries, organizations and companies, but as the world is coming closer and closer every day and is turning into a global village, the circle of competition has grown from local platform to the global platform. Now the firm of one country tends to compete with the firms of not only their own country but also the firms of other countries of the world.The use of information technology makes it a bit easier to compete. It makes them flexible and feasible, generates better productivity and yields better outcomes. It helps them far more than expected and is thought of in earning better profits, in fact even creating new sources of profits, which might include services like online business opportunities etc described by C Kenneth Allard (2004) such thatInformation technology can help a company to be less identifiable with all other related firms and be more differen t. It in fact can make a company stand out among the other competitors and can help it make and, more importantly, leave a mark of its own in the minds of the consumers, which goes a long way to help a company in achieving and maintaining competitive advantage.This is one of the major reasons why the statistics show a constantly increasing rate of growth in the part of the expenditure made on IT and its implications. In some of the areas, IT comprises as much as 50% of total capital investments.

Ottoman Empire Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Ottoman Empire - Essay Example The great disruption of the Ottoman economy was caused by the inflation due to the inflow of gold, silver, and other precious metals from the New World. "The Ottomans experienced the impact of the increased flow of precious metal before the 17th century. The flow of American silver probably began to affect the Ottoman economy by 1580. While the first effects of the New World silver were experienced in Ottoman Anatolia by 1580, the most significant response of Ottoman prices occurred between 1585 and 1606." (Bulut, 65) Therefore, the effect of gold and precious metals on the economy as well as social life of the Ottoman Empire is important to recognize and this paper makes a reflective analysis of the impact of precious metals on the Ottoman Empire. In a profound exploration of the impact of precious metals on the Ottoman Empire, it becomes lucid that the Empire was self-sufficient with regard to the availability of various precious metals. The political supremacy over the neighboring nations offered an important opportunity to the Ottomans to import metals which were not available in the Empire. Thus, it may be noted that grain and other foodstuffs, iron, copper or cloth for everyday use were manufactured in sufficient quantities with the territories of the Empire. The Ottomans were largely autocratic in terms of war materials and the other precious metals were imported into the Empire. The Ottoman political elite and the better-off townsmen consumed Indian spices and Yemini coffee. "All these Indian and Yemini imports led to a significant outflow of silver and gold, but precious metals were mined on Ottoman territory only in very moderate quantities. Although by the middle of the sixteenth century, most of Hungary was in the hands of the sultans, the mines that had supplied raw materials for the country's famous fifteenth century gold- and silversmiths remained outside Ottoman control and, moreover, were less productive than they had once been." (Faroqhi, 14) Therefore, the impact of precious metals on the Ottoman Empire is unquestionable and the introduction of gold and precious metals to the Ottoman Empire had a vital influence on their economy as well as social life. It is important to realize that the introduction of gold and precious metals had a vital impact on the Ottoman economy. Significantly, the introduction of various precious metals played a major influence on the European economy. Similarly, gold and precious metals played a major impact on the various aspects of the economy and these metals contributed to the increase in prices in the Ottoman Empire towards the end of the sixteenth century. "The great change in the European economy wrought by all this precious metal also had its effects on the Ottoman Empire. Since European merchants traded in Ottoman territories, some silver from the New World found its way to the Ottoman lands. The Ottoman rulers encouraged the import of these coins. The Ottomans could not find a way to use these coins as investments in their economy. They tried to keep this money within the country. As an important factor the import supplies of silver contributed to the inflation." (Bulut, 65) Thus, a reflective an alysis of the various aspects of the Ottoman economy confirms that the impact of gold and preci

Catholic And Protestant Baroque Overview

Catholic And Protestant Baroque Overview The word Baroque was first applied to the art from the period of the late 1500s to the 1700s, by critics in the late nineteenth century. The word Baroque in no way though, seems to describe the art movement. In Italian the word Baroque means Tortuous medieval pedantry and Portuguese for Deformed pearl. Regardless, Baroque , is primarily associated with religious tensions within Western Christianity, spanning a 200 year time span. A divide had began in the Catholic church and the outcome would see the creation of a new offset of Christianity. In 1517 Martin Luther posted his 95 theses on the door of the Wittenberg Cathedral. By 1520, Luther has been excommunicated and began a protest movement against the Catholic church. This protest movement would later be called Protestantism. Luther believed that the layperson, or someone who is not a clergyman, was being distanced from the church and understanding the scripture. He advocated hymns as a better way to communicate hard to understand mysteries of the church and made music an integral part of Protestant church services (evansville.edu). The Catholics in response convened the Council of Trent to discuss and consider Luthers Theses. In 1563 the council finished their work and made art an integral part of the process of helping the layperson to understand the scripture. Through a visual and emotional display of the church through art, they hoped to influence as many people as possible to remain faithful to the Catholic Church. This was not only through the funding of paintings, but also in the commissioning of churches with enormous domes, swirling forms, huge spiraled columns, multicolored marble and lavish murals. This new program of renewal, or counter reformation, would see the church commission all types of work that would be both doctrinally correct visually appealing, and emotionally appealing. This unique style, later referred to as Baroque, would start in Italy, but as the century progressed the style would make inroads into the Protestant countries. Baroque would become a style in which painters, sculptors an d architects rummage emotion, movement and variety in their works. The Protestant reformation would be a refresher course on the reality of life for the individual. This would change with the advances of the counter reformation, as the mood of middle age art once again found expression. The mystical, the abstract and the dominance of color over form would serve as an emotional stimulus for everyday people to reconsider the advantage of Catholicism. For some artists this transformation would be easy. The reformation had caused a separation between artist and church, which in turn caused a financial crunch on the already meager living of the typical painter (rice.edu). This new visually intense form of expression took on very different characteristics in different regions of Europe. This is largely in part due to the topics covered at the Council of Trent. In Northern Europe and largely in the Netherlands, the Baroque movement took on a significantly non secular undertone. This is a result of the predominance of the Protestant faith in this region. The advances in techniques are still noticeable in different examples of the Baroque era from Protestant artists, however due to the nature of the Protestant practice the messages are drastically different. Contrary to Catholics of the time, who worshiped in lavish sanctuaries with elaborate services for mass, the Protestants experienced their faith internally. This meant that they enjoyed simple churches and took their religious messages from the bible itself, instead of the imposing Catholic Church (csun.edu). The Protestants had their Reformation and the Catholics had their Counter Reformation. While the Catholics needed to attract viewers with religious art that more significantly impacted onlookers, Protestants would respond with a lack of religious art. Instead they would concentrate, for example, on genre paintings that taught their viewers moral lessons. Compositions from both tended to have more open space. Objects and scenes were in a state of motion to create emotion. They either came out as the viewer or something could fall on the viewer. The motion of these pieces was created through circular or diagonal compositions. On going at this time was a general knowledge that the Earth was in motion, which was a giant conceptual leap to show this aspect of life in art. Some characteristics of baroque was an attention to exact, naturalistic details. Spatial values, such as deep space, fooling the eye and objects being pushed into the viewers space. An integration of architecture, sculpt ure and painting. Stories being portrayed would seem to happen in the space and time of the viewer (smcvt.edu ). One of the more influential Catholic Baroque artists of the time was Caravaggio. His influence on the art of his century would be significant. One of Caravaggios masterpieces is The Crucifixion of Saint Peter (albany.edu). In it three dishonest characters, their faces concealed or turned away, are drawing, dragging and thrusting the cross to which Peter is nailed by the feet with his head put down. The Saint Peter, as portrayed by Caravaggio, cannot be called a martyr. Instead he is an old man, suffering from pang and in fear of death. The obscure, impermeable background attracts the viewers gaze back again to the keenly illuminated people, who remind us that the death of the apostle did not look like a heroic drama, but a hapless and humiliating execution. In Caravaggios The Conversion of Saint Paul (albany.edu), Saint Paul is seen rolling around in the dirt of an old stable This attacked both the prevailing ideas about painting as well as offending the religious sensibilities of the church. Caravaggio sought a way to bring the Catholic faith down from the heavens and make it relevant to the everyday man on the street. Through his paintings he wanted to create a convincing copy of the optical world and use this as a vehicle of spiritual meaning. His so called dark manner would be influential to all later Baroque painting. One of the few northern Europe protestant artists to create religious paintings was Rembrandt. He was from protestant Holland and is well remember for creating about 60 self portraits. Biblical subjects accounted for one third of his entire production. This is quite rare for the Protestant North of the seventeenth century, for church patronage was nonexistent and religious art was not regarded as important. His famous painting, The Return of the Prodigal Son (tiu.edu), was finished shortly before his death in 1669. There is a sense of great tragedy as you gaze upon this work. The contrast between the light and the dark, the two mysterious figures that appear dimly in the background, the woman behind the father and the dishevelment of the younger brother, all contribute to this sense of tragedy. The Baroque styles of Protestant Northern Europe and predominantly Italian Catholic artists are stylistically similar. This comes as no surprise since the techniques originated in Italy. The most notable distinction between the two styles is not the artistic tendencies, but rather the motives or message being conveyed through the paintings. The Catholic Baroque style included vivid imagery that displayed vigorous emotion and incited emotion in those that viewed it. While the Protestant Baroque style used many similar, if not the same techniques; portrayed uniquely intrinsic emotion felt by the artist and brought about emotion not so much through dramatic stimulation, as through sympathetic understanding. The fundamental difference between Protestant Baroque and Catholic Baroque is that Protestant Baroque painters convey subjects in ways that portray the artists personal emotion; while Catholic Baroque painters conveyed visually entertaining and captivating imagery in order to evoke e motions from the person viewing the image.

Mla Exercise

Exercises Using MLA Works Cited Source: Arkin, Marian, and Cecillia Macheski. Research papers: A Practical Guide. Boston: Houghton-Mifflin Company. 2001. Directions: Using the following information, create a Works Cited entry for these sources. Important words have been capitalized. Remove or change the capitals and use MLA style of capitalization and punctuation. After you have the entry for each source, arrange them in alphabetical order as they would appear at the end of a research paper on the Works Cited page. 1. The title of the book is W. E. B. DUBOIS. The book was published in BOSTON in 1986 by TWAYNE Publishers.The author’s name is MARABLE MANNING. Manning, Marable. W. E. B. Dubois. Boston: Twayne, 1986. Print. 2. An article entitled SIX CENTS AN HOUR was written by SYDNEY H. SCHANBERG. This article was published in LIFE magazine. It appeared in the JUNE 1996 issue on pages 38-46. Schanberg, Sydney H. â€Å"Six Cents an Hour. †Ã‚  Life  June 1996: 38-46. Prin t. 3. MARY LAWLER’S book called MARCUS GARVEY was published in NEW YORK by CHELSEA HOUSE publishers in the year 1988. Lawler, Mary. Marcus Garvey. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Print. 4. This book was published by PRINCETON UNIVERSITY PRESS, which is located in PRINCETON, New Jersey.It was written my Myron Weiner. Wiener’s book was called THE CHILD AND THE STATE IN INDIA: CHILD LABOR AND EDUCATION POLICY IN COMPARATIVE PERSPECTIVE. It appeared in 1991. Weiner, Myron. The Child and the State in India: Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1991. Print. 5. An article entitled INDIA BATTLES ILLEGAL CHILD LABOR appeared in the newspaper the CHRISTIAN SCIENCE MONITOR. It was published on November 8, 1995 and the article begins on page 9. â€Å"India Battles Illegal Child Labor. †Ã‚  Christian Science Monitor  8 Nov. 1995: 9. Print. 6.This article came from Ebscohost from NCLive. The author’s name is SALLY RICHF IELD. The article name is HOW HIGH THE DOVE FLIES. The article’s volume and issue number are 1. 5. The date of online publication is August 10, 2000. The name of the online journal is BIRDS ARE US. The sponsor of the site from which you got this information is Stanly Community College in Albemarle, NC. The date of access is November 2, 2001 Richfield, Sally. â€Å"How High the Dove Flies. †Ã‚  Birds Are Us  1. 5 (2000): n. pag. NC Live. Web. 2 Nov. 2001. 7. This article came from a scholarly journal the pages issues separately.The author’s names are RODNEY MONTGOMERY and MAUREEN FOSTER. The article’s name is DYSFUNCTION IN UNIVERSITY MANAGEMENT IN NEW SOUTH WALES IN 1947 AND 1983. The name of the journal was THE JOURNAL OF HIGHER EDUCATION MANAGEMENT. The issue number is 43. 2. The year of publication is 1989 and the pages run from page 6-17. Montgomery, Rodney, and Maureen Foster. â€Å"Dysfunction in University Management in New South Wales in 1947 a nd 1983. †Ã‚  Journal of Higher EducationManagement  43. 2 (1989): 6-17. Print. 8. This source comes from a CD-ROM. Its editor is SONALD SHEEHY. The name of the CD-ROM is ROBERT FROST: POEMS, LIFE AND LEGACY.This CD-ROM was published in NEW YORK by HOLT in 1997. Sheehy, Sonald. ed. Robert Frost: Poems, Life, and Legacy. New York: Holt, 1997. CD-ROM 9. This source is a personal or professional web site. The authors are STEVE SPANOUDIS, BOB BLAI, and NELSON MILLER. The site’s name is POET’S CORNER. The publication date is February 2, 1998. The user’s date of access is February 4, 2000. The URL is http://www. geocities. com/. apanoudi/poems. Spanoudis, Steve, Bob Blai, and Nelson Miller. Poet's Corner, 2 Feb. 1998. Web. 4 Feb. 2000. 10. This source is an online book. The original date of publication of the book is 1846.The author’s name is CHARLOTTE BRONTE. The name of the book is JANE EYRE. The user access date is March 16, 1999. The site is gopher. vt. edu:10010/02/50/1. Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. 1846. Web. 16 Mar. 1999. Works Cited Bronte, Charlotte. Jane Eyre. 1846. Web. 16 Mar. 1999. â€Å"India Battles Illegal Child Labor. †Ã‚  Christian Science Monitor  8 Nov. 1995: 9. Print. Lawler, Mary. Marcus Garvey. New York: Chelsea House, 1988. Print. Manning, Marable. W. E. B. Dubois. Boston: Twayne, 1986. Print. Montgomery, Rodney, and Maureen Foster. â€Å"Dysfunction in University Management in New South Wales in 1947 and 1983.   Journal of Higher EducationManagement  43. 2 (1989): 6-17. Print. Richfield, Sally. â€Å"How High the Dove Flies. †Ã‚  Birds Are Us  1. 5 (2000): n. pag. NC Live. Web. 2 Nov. 2001. Schanberg, Sydney H. â€Å"Six Cents an Hour. †Ã‚  Life  June 1996: 38-46. Print. Sheehy, Sonald. ed. Robert Frost: Poems, Life, and Legacy. New York: Holt, 1997. CD-ROM Spanoudis, Steve, Bob Blai, and Nelson Miller. Poet's Corner, 2 Feb. 1998. Web. 4 Feb. 2000. Weiner, Myron. The Child and the State in India: Child Labor and Education Policy in Comparative Perspective. Princeton: Princeton UP, 1991. Print.

Ultrahigh Bypass Ratio Propulsion Systems Studied

celerate a large mass of air by a small amount than to accelerate a small mass of air by a large amount. In a turbofan jet engine, the airflow rate that bypasses the engine core divided by the airflow rate that travels through the core is called the bypass ratio. The bypass ratio, or BPR, is one of the key indicators of turbofan engine efficiency. The desire for better fuel efficiency has resulted in the evolution of commercial aircraft gas turbine engines from early turbojets (BPR=0), to low bypass ratio, first generation turbofans (BPR=1-2), to today's high bypass ratio turbofans (BPR=5-10).Now, ultrahigh bypass ratio (UHB) turbofans (BPR=10-20) are being designed for a next-generation, intracontinental commercial aircraft. This aircraft could enter service as early as 2020. The Intercenter Systems Analysis Team, consisting of systems engineers from Glenn and Langley Research Centers, conducted an analytical feasibility study of UHB turbofans for NASA's Fundamental Aeronautics Prog ram. With a little math, it can be shown that fuel efficiency increases along with BPR.The engine core, however, has a limited supply of power available to propel the bypass air stream, so it can be difficult to simply increase BPR arbitrarily. One path to UHB engines and better efficiency is to reduce the fan's pressure ratio, which lowers the fan's power requirement and allows higher BPRs. Our analysis team designed nine notional UHB propulsion systems for this new aircraft along a parametric design sweep of fan pressure ratio. Using advanced computational tools, these propulsion systems were ana

Use of Handwritten Notes for Essay Writing

Enter any classroom and you will see that students nowadays are staring at the laptop screens while listening to the lecturer. All you’re going to hear will be the chorus of the pounding keys. Of course, we all live in a digital world and none of us can imagine the studying process without PC. Besides, those individuals, who prefer laptops, take more notes than the ones who use a piece of paper and a pen. Nonetheless, the recent researches have shown that college students, who make use of pens and paper to make notes master more material than their digital-addicted colleagues. Try it! Have you forgotten what it’s like to make notes with a pen in your hand? Follow these simple tips! Shorthand There are many various systems that help you to write long words and letters faster by simply turning them into special symbols. For instance, Teeline is a really popular method among the journalists in the United Kingdom. The user removes unnecessary letters and simply twists them into simpler symbols and, as the result, writes them faster. If the system is hard for you, make sure to invent your own for the words that are most commonly used (let’s say, ‘w/’for ‘with’). Pick the Right Formatting If it’s the first time that you make the handwriting notes, imagine that you’re working on your laptop. Think about how you would organize everything on the digital page. Make certain to make big titles, underline phrases and sentences that are important and use bullet points. Use a Stress Ball If you spend several hours of writing, you will feel that your hand and fingers are terribly exhausted. Make sure to have a special stress ball so that you could squeeze it whenever you feel like. This will help you to build up a strong hand and finger strength. Besides, it is recommended to stretch out your hand in order to prevent the pain in the muscles and elbow injuries. The Cornell Notes Method A very old, but highly effective method, the Cornell Notes requires the writer to divide the page into two columns. Make the right one larger (here you will write all the ideas you have, including charts, tables, etc.). Remember that this column can be pretty messy, but it’s OK. The left column is served for short statements, bulletin points that are related to the ideas placed in the right column. Leave the end of every page blank in order to have an opportunity to write a short summary of it. Felt-Tipped Pen for the Lefties Smudged phrases, a bunch of ink stains and the handwriting that one can hardly read†¦ Sounds familiar if you’re a lefty. Make sure to get a special felt-tipped pen. It will help you to avoid smudged letters when you will be dragging your hand behind the pen in the process of report, research paper or essay writing.